COURSE CONTENT
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II
CHE 232 - C781
NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION VS. ALKYL HALIDES ELIMINATION REACTIONS
Review of terms
1. General types and parts
a. Nucleophilic
b. Leaving Group
2. Sn2 Reactions
a. Mechanism
b. Free Energy Changes
c. Stereochemistry
3. Sn1 Reaction
a. Mechanism
b. Free Energy Changes
c. Stereochemistry
4. Factors Affecting Sn1 and Sn2 Reactions
a. Structure and Substrate
b. Concentration of Nucleophile
c. Solvent Effect
d. Nature of Leaving Group
Elimination Reactions
1. E2 Reaction
a. Mechanism
b. Sn2 vs. E2
2. E1 Reaction
a. Mechanism
b. Sn1 vs. E1
3. Overall summary
II. ALKENES AND ALKYNES: PROPERTIES AND SYNTHESIS
- Introduction and Importance
- Nomenclature
1. Alkenes
2. Alkynes
- Physical Properties
1. Alkenes
2. Alkynes
- Hydrogenation in Food Industry
- Stabilities
- Alkene Synthesis
1. Dehydrohalogenation of Alkyl Halides
2. Dehydration of Alcohol
3. Debromination of Vicinal Dibromides
- Alkyne Synthesis
III. ALKENES AND ALKYNES: ADDITION REACTIONS
- Alkenes
1. Introduction
2. Markovnikov's Rule in Addition
a. Process
b. Reasoning - Energy Changes
c. Exception - Peroxides
3. Stereochemistry
4. Additonal Reactions
a. Sulfuric Acid
b. Water/Catalyzed by Acid
c. Bromine and Chlorine
d. Oxidation
e. Oxidative Cleavage
f. Ozonlysis
g. Summary
- Alkynes
1. Addition Reactions
a. Hydrogenation
b. Halogenation
c. Addition of HX
d. Oxidation
- Chemical Tests for Alkenes and Alkynes
1. Concentrated Sulfuric Acid
2. Bromine in Carbon Tetrachloride
3. Cold Dilute Potassium Permanganate
IV. ALCOHOLS AND ESTERS
- Structure and Nomenclature
1. Alcohol
2. Ester
- Physical Properties
1. Alcohol
2. Ester
- Alchols
1. Synthesis
2. From Alkenes
3. Reactions
4. Alcohol as Acid
5. Conversion to Alkyl Halides
- Esters
1. Synthesis
2. Properties
3. Reactions
V. ALDEHYDES AND KETONES: NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITIONS
- Introduction
- Nomenclature
1. Aldehyde
2. Ketone
- Physical Properties
- Synthesis
1. Aldehyde
2. Ketones
- Reactions
1. Addition of Water and Alcohol
2. Addition of Ammonia Derivative
3. Addition of Hydrogen Cyanide
4. Oxidation
VI. ALDEHYDES AND KETONES: ALDOL REACTIONS
- Enolate Ions: Acidity
1. Reactions
- Reactions
1. Haliform Reaction
2. Aldol Condensation
3. Crossed Aldol Condensation
VII. CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES
- Introduction
- Nomenclature
- Physical Properties
- Preparation of Carboxylic Acids
1. Oxidation of Alkenes
2. Oxidation of Aldehydes and Primary Alcohols
- Reactions
1. Nucleophilic substitution
2. Acyl Chlorides
3. Acid Anhydrides
- Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids
- Chemical Tests for Acyl Compounds
VIII. AROMATIC (RING) COMPOUNDS
- Introduction
- Nomenclature
- Benzene
1. Reactions
2. Stability
- Other Aromatic Compounds
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