COURSE CONTENT

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II

CHE 232 - C781

  1. NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION VS. ALKYL HALIDES ELIMINATION REACTIONS
    1. Review of terms
      1. General types and parts
            a. Nucleophilic
            b. Leaving Group
      2. Sn2 Reactions
            a. Mechanism
            b. Free Energy Changes
            c. Stereochemistry
      3. Sn1 Reaction
            a. Mechanism
            b. Free Energy Changes
            c. Stereochemistry
      4. Factors Affecting Sn1 and Sn2 Reactions
            a. Structure and Substrate
            b. Concentration of Nucleophile
            c. Solvent Effect
            d. Nature of Leaving Group
    2. Elimination Reactions
      1. E2 Reaction
            a. Mechanism
            b. Sn2 vs. E2
      2. E1 Reaction
            a. Mechanism
            b. Sn1 vs. E1
      3. Overall summary

II. ALKENES AND ALKYNES: PROPERTIES AND SYNTHESIS

    1. Introduction and Importance
    2. Nomenclature
      1. Alkenes
      2. Alkynes
    3. Physical Properties
      1. Alkenes
      2. Alkynes
    4. Hydrogenation in Food Industry
    5. Stabilities
    6. Alkene Synthesis
      1. Dehydrohalogenation of Alkyl Halides
      2. Dehydration of Alcohol
      3. Debromination of Vicinal Dibromides
    7. Alkyne Synthesis

III. ALKENES AND ALKYNES: ADDITION REACTIONS

    1. Alkenes
      1. Introduction
      2. Markovnikov's Rule in Addition
            a. Process
            b. Reasoning - Energy Changes
            c. Exception - Peroxides
      3. Stereochemistry
      4. Additonal Reactions
            a. Sulfuric Acid
            b. Water/Catalyzed by Acid
            c. Bromine and Chlorine
            d. Oxidation
            e. Oxidative Cleavage
            f. Ozonlysis
            g. Summary
    2. Alkynes
      1. Addition Reactions
            a. Hydrogenation
            b. Halogenation
            c. Addition of HX
            d. Oxidation
    3. Chemical Tests for Alkenes and Alkynes
      1. Concentrated Sulfuric Acid
      2. Bromine in Carbon Tetrachloride
      3. Cold Dilute Potassium Permanganate

IV. ALCOHOLS AND ESTERS

    1. Structure and Nomenclature
      1. Alcohol
      2. Ester
    2. Physical Properties
      1. Alcohol
      2. Ester
    3. Alchols
      1. Synthesis
      2. From Alkenes
      3. Reactions
      4. Alcohol as Acid
      5. Conversion to Alkyl Halides
    4. Esters
      1. Synthesis
      2. Properties
      3. Reactions

V. ALDEHYDES AND KETONES: NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITIONS

    1. Introduction
    2. Nomenclature
      1. Aldehyde
      2. Ketone
    3. Physical Properties
    4. Synthesis
      1. Aldehyde
      2. Ketones
    5. Reactions
      1. Addition of Water and Alcohol
      2. Addition of Ammonia Derivative
      3. Addition of Hydrogen Cyanide
      4. Oxidation

VI. ALDEHYDES AND KETONES: ALDOL REACTIONS

    1. Enolate Ions: Acidity
      1. Reactions
    2. Reactions
      1. Haliform Reaction
      2. Aldol Condensation
      3. Crossed Aldol Condensation

VII. CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES

    1. Introduction
    2. Nomenclature
    3. Physical Properties
    4. Preparation of Carboxylic Acids
      1. Oxidation of Alkenes
      2. Oxidation of Aldehydes and Primary Alcohols
    5. Reactions
      1. Nucleophilic substitution
      2. Acyl Chlorides
      3. Acid Anhydrides
    6. Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids
    7. Chemical Tests for Acyl Compounds

VIII. AROMATIC (RING) COMPOUNDS

    1. Introduction
    2. Nomenclature
    3. Benzene
      1. Reactions
      2. Stability
    4. Other Aromatic Compounds

 

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